Materials & Chemistry

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Materials & Chemistry

Iron Smelting

Wider adoption around 1200 BCE; ore, charcoal and a bloomery

c. 1,200 BCEIII

Materials & Chemistry

Steel

Iron with just enough carbon

c. 1,000 BCEIII

Materials & Chemistry

Aluminium

Alumina turned into metal by electricity

1886V

Materials & Chemistry

Pottery

Clay turned to stone by fire

18,000 years agoII

Materials & Chemistry

Distillation

Separating liquids by boiling and condensing

c. 300III

Materials & Chemistry

Bronze

Copper and tin, harder together

c. 3,300 BCEIII

Materials & Chemistry

Charcoal

Wood cooked slowly under earth

c. 4,500 BCEII

Materials & Chemistry

Glass

Melted sand you can see through

c. 2,500 BCEIII

Materials & Chemistry

Leather Tanning

Raw hide, oak bark and months in pits

c. 1,500 BCEII

Materials & Chemistry

Vulcanised Rubber

Sap made tough with sulphur

1839IV

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